Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country.
The cell line retains monocytic properties but does not differentiate along the macrophage pathway by phorbal ester treatment.
While treatment of human U-937 myeloid leukemia cells with TPA is associated with growth arrest and induction of monocytic differentiation, the TUR cell line is unresponsive to the growth-inhibitory effects of this agent.
The TUR variant is defective in TPA-induced signaling events upstream to activation of Raf-1 kinase.
However, there was a significantly constitutive expression of MHC class II, particularly human lymphocyte antigen (HLA-DR) on the surface of TUR and TPA-treated TUR cells.
Unlike U-937 cells, exposure to TPA did not induce detectable levels of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation or the generation of apoptotic bodies.
Hass R, et al. Resistance to phorbol ester-induced differentiation of a U-937 myeloid leukemia cell variant with a signaling defect upstream to Raf-1 kinase. Cell Growth Differ. 4: 657-663, 1993. PubMed: 8398907
Hass R, et al. Characterization of human TUR leukemia cells: continued cell cycle progression in the presence of phorbol ester is associated with resistance to apoptosis. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 65: 408-416, 1994. PubMed: 7720732
Hass R, Lopez-Guerrero JA. Aggressive tumor growth of human TUR leukemia cells is associated with high levels of c-myc expression and down-regulation of p20-max. Int. J. Cancer 72: 1113-1116, 1997. PubMed: 9378547
Meinhardt G, et al. Signaling defect in the activation of caspase-3 and PKCdelta in human TUR leukemia cells is associated with resistance to apoptosis. Exp. Cell Res. 247: 534-542, 1999. PubMed: 10066381
