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HPAC proliferation is stimulated by insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha).
Cell growth is suppressed by dexamethasone and other glucocorticoids.
In culture, HPAC cells form monolayers of morphologically heterogenous polar epithelial cells.
HPAC is the first reported human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line to express a functional glucocorticoid receptor.
Immunohistochemical staining revealed that HPAC cells express the pancreatic ductal epithelium marker DU-PAN-2 as well as antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibodies HMFG1 and AUA1.
Gower WR Jr., et al. HPAC, a new human glucocorticoid-sensitive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell line. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. 30A: 151-161, 1994.
